🤔现在分词一定是ing形式吗?! 🧐 英语语法大揭秘!📖 彻底搞懂现在分词,期末考试不丢分!💯
姐妹们,啊不…同学们!😜 今天来聊聊英语语法里让人又爱又恨的现在分词!是不是一提到现在分词,脑海里就自动蹦出 “doing”, “eating”, “sleeping” 这些 ing 形式的词? 🤔 没错,大部分情况下,现在分词确实是以 -ing 结尾,但这可不是绝对的哦!😉 想要真正掌握现在分词,咱们还得深入挖掘一下!💪
Part 1: 现在分词的 “标准形象”:-ing 形式 ✨
绝大多数情况下,现在分词都是由动词原形加上 -ing 构成的。这是我们最常见、也最熟悉的现在分词形式。
构成规则:
一般情况下,直接在动词原形后加 -ing:
work → working
play → playing
study → studying
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加 -ing:
make → making
take → taking
write → writing
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母再加 -ing:
run → running
swim → swimming
stop → stopping
以 -ie 结尾的动词,变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing:
die → dying
lie → lying
tie → tying
用法大放送! 🥳
现在分词的用法那可是相当丰富!它可以担任句子中的各种成分,灵活得很!😎
1. 作定语: 修饰名词,相当于一个形容词。
The running water is very clean. (流淌的水很干净。)
Look at the sleeping baby! (看看那个熟睡的宝宝!)
I saw a flying bird. (我看到一只飞翔的鸟。)
这里的running, sleeping 和 flying都是现在分词作定语,用来修饰名词 water, baby 和 bird。
2. 作表语: 放在系动词(be, seem, look, feel 等)之后,说明主语的状态或特征。
The movie was exciting. (这部电影很刺激。)
He seems disappointing.(他看起来很失望)。
She is growing.(她在成长).
exciting, disappointing 和 growing 作表语,描述主语 movie, he 和 she 的状态。
3. 作状语: 表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、条件等。
Hearing the news, she jumped with joy. (听到这个消息,她高兴地跳了起来。) – 时间状语
Being tired, I went to bed early. (因为累了,我早早地睡了。) – 原因状语
He walked down the street, singing a song. (他一边唱歌一边沿着街道走。) – 伴随状语
She stood by the window, looking at the view outside.(她站在窗边看着外面的景色)。- 伴随状语
Hearing, Being, singing 和 looking 分别作时间、原因、伴随和伴随状语。
4. 作宾语补足语: 对宾语进行补充说明。
I saw him playing football. (我看见他在踢足球。)
We heard her singing in the next room. (我们听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。)
I found my key missing.(我发现我的钥匙不见了).
playing, singing 和 missing 对宾语 him, her 和 key 进行补充说明。
5. 构成进行时态: 与 be 动词连用,构成各种进行时态。
I am studying English. (我正在学习英语。) – 现在进行时
He was playing games when I called him. (我给他打电话时,他正在玩游戏。) – 过去进行时
They will be having a meeting tomorrow morning.(他们明天早上将要开会)。-将来进行时。
am studying, was playing 和 will be having 都是现在分词和be动词一起构成进行时态。
Part 2: 现在分词的 “特殊情况”:不仅仅是 -ing! 🤯
虽然大部分现在分词都是 -ing 形式,但英语中也存在一些特殊情况,需要我们特别注意!🧐
1. 系动词的现在分词: 系动词,比如 be, seem, look, feel, taste, smell, sound 等,它们本身就有表示状态的含义。它们加上 -ing 后,仍然可以表示状态,但更多时候强调的是一种正在进行或变化的状态。
The soup is smelling delicious! (这汤闻起来真香啊! – 强调现在正在散发香味)
He is being very kind to me today. (他今天对我特别好。 – 强调今天的行为,可能平时并非如此)
2. 感知动词的现在分词: 感知动词,比如 see, hear, watch, notice, feel 等,后接宾语和现在分词时,表示动作正在进行。
I saw him crossing the road. (我看见他正在过马路。)
We heard her practicing the piano. (我们听到她正在练习钢琴。)
3. 使役动词的现在分词: 使役动词,比如 have, make, let, get 等,后接宾语和现在分词时,表示使役对象所做的动作。
I had my car repaired. (我让人把我的车修好了。) – 这里 repaired 虽然不是 -ing 形式,但它表示的是“被修理”的含义,是过去分词,而非现在分词。注意区分!
I had him cleaning the room.(我让他打扫房间). 这里是现在分词,表示动作正在进行.
4. 一些以-ing结尾但不是现在分词的词! ⚠️
动名词 (Gerund): 动名词也以 -ing 结尾,但它在句子中充当名词的作用。
Swimming is my favorite sport. (游泳是我最喜欢的运动。) – 作主语
I enjoy reading. (我喜欢阅读。) – 作宾语
He is good at dancing.(他擅长跳舞)-介词宾语
这里的 swimming, reading 和 dancing 都是动名词,而不是现在分词!
形容词: 有些以 -ing 结尾的词是形容词,而不是现在分词。
an interesting book (一本有趣的书)
a charming smile (迷人的微笑)
a boring film(一部无聊的电影)
interesting, charming 和 boring 是形容词,修饰名词。
Part 3: 案例分析 + 练习时间! ✍️
为了更好地理解现在分词的用法,我们来看几个具体的例子,并进行一些小练习。
1. 案例分析:
“The rising sun cast a golden glow on the landscape.” (冉冉升起的太阳给大地披上了一层金色的光辉。)
rising:现在分词,作定语,修饰 sun。
“She kept working on the project until late at night.” (她一直工作到深夜才完成这个项目。)
working:现在分词,与 keep 连用,表示动作的持续。
“Having finished my homework, I went out to play.” (做完作业后,我出去玩了。)
Having finished:现在分词短语,作时间状语。
这里其实是现在分词的完成式, 属于比较高级的用法.
My friend, Lily, from 北京育英中学, is studying abroad. (我的朋友,来自北京育英中学的Lily,正在国外学习。)
studying:现在分词,作定语,修饰 Lily。
2. 小练习:
用现在分词填空:
1. The dog was ______ (bark) at the stranger.
2. I saw a bird ______ (fly) in the sky.
3. ______ (study) hard is important for good grades.
4. The students are _______(listen) to the teacher attentively.
5. The girl is _______ (dance) gracefully on the stage.
判断下列句子中带 -ing 的词是现在分词还是动名词:
1. Smoking is bad for your health.
2. The crying baby needs his mother.
3. I enjoy playing tennis.
4. The running water is very clear.
5. He is good at speaking English.
用所给动词的适当形式填空(答案见文末):
1. He stood by the window, ______(look) out at the rain.
2. ______(finish) her work, she went home.
3. I saw a cat ______(climb) a tree.
4. ______(be) tired, he went to bed early.
5. The movie was so ______(bore) that I fell asleep.
Part 4: 总结 & 升华! 🌟
通过今天的学习,我们了解到,现在分词虽然大多数情况下是 -ing 形式,但也存在一些特殊情况。我们需要仔细区分现在分词、动名词和形容词,掌握现在分词的各种用法,才能真正灵活运用它。
记住,多练习、多总结,英语语法so easy!🥳
希望这篇文章能帮到你!🎉
下次见咯!👋
练习答案:
用现在分词填空:
1. barking
2. flying
3. Studying
4. listening
5. dancing
判断:
1. 动名词
2. 现在分词
3. 动名词
4. 现在分词
5. 动名词
用所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. looking
2. Having finished
3. climbing
4. Being
5. boring