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苏墨念 回复于 2025-02-23 之前 救命🆘！英语语法里的with复合结构 到底是个啥？！🤯 总是搞不清，感觉自己英语白学了… 今天就来好好扒一扒这个磨人的小妖精！🧚♀️ 一定要让它变成我们提分的秘密武器！💪
Part 1: 拨开迷雾，认清with复合结构的真面目 🔍
简单来说，with复合结构就是：with + 名词/代词 + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
它在句子中主要起状语的作用，可以表示：
- 伴随情况：类似于“带着…”、“伴随着…”。
- 原因：相当于一个原因状语从句。
- 方式或状态：说明主语动作发生的方式或所处的状态。
- 条件：类似于一个条件状语从句（这种情况相对少见）。
是不是感觉有点抽象？别怕！我们接下来用例子砸晕你！😵💫
Part 2：真枪实弹，实例解析with复合结构的各种用法 🎯
1. with + 名词/代词 + 现在分词（V-ing）
表示与主句动作同时发生的动作，或者表示主动的动作。
Example 1: 🌷 With the sun shining brightly, we decided to have a picnic in Central Park. (阳光明媚，我们决定去中央公园野餐。)
这里 “with the sun shining brightly” 说明了野餐时的情况，是伴随状况。
Example 2: 🎤 With her heart beating fast, Lily stepped onto the stage of the National Singing Competition. (她心跳加速，走上了全国歌唱比赛的舞台。)
“with her heart beating fast” 描述了Lily上台时的状态，也是伴随状况。
Example 3: 📚 With tears streaming down her face, Sarah finished reading the heartbreaking novel. (泪流满面，莎拉读完了这本令人心碎的小说。)
“with tears streaming down her face” 说明了Sarah读完小说的状态，表达了伴随状况。
2. with + 名词/代词 + 过去分词（V-ed）
表示与主句动作同时发生的，或者表示被动的动作/状态。
Example 1: 📦 With the project completed, the team celebrated their success at a fancy restaurant in Pudong, Shanghai. (项目完成后，团队在上海浦东的一家高级餐厅庆祝了他们的成功。)
“with the project completed” 说明了庆祝的原因，是被动含义。
Example 2: 🔒 With the door locked, I felt safe and secure in my cozy apartment. (门锁上了，我在舒适的公寓里感到安全和安心。)
“with the door locked” 说明了我感到安全的原因，是被动含义。
Example 3: 🎁With all the gifts wrapped, we were finally ready for Christmas morning. (所有的礼物都包好了，我们终于为圣诞节早晨做好了准备。)
“with all the gifts wrapped” 解释了做好准备的原因，是过去分词表示的被动含义。
3. with + 名词/代词 + 形容词
表示主语或宾语所处的状态。
Example 1: 😴 With the children asleep, the parents finally had some time to relax. (孩子们睡着了，父母终于有时间放松一下了。)
“with the children asleep” 说明了父母可以放松的原因。
Example 2: 😡 With John angry, it was best to avoid him. (约翰生气了，最好避开他。)
“With John angry”表示原因，避免冲突的原因。
Example 3: 🍹 With the weather hot and humid, we all craved a cold drink. (天气又热又闷，我们都渴望喝冷饮。)
“with the weather hot and humid” 解释了渴望冷饮的原因。
4. with + 名词/代词 + 副词
表示地点、时间、状态等。
Example 1: ✈️ With the plane safely away, the ground crew breathed a sigh of relief. (飞机安全起飞后，地勤人员松了一口气。)
“with the plane safely away” 说明了松口气的时间和原因。
Example 2: 📝 With the exams finally over, we could enjoy our summer vacation. (考试终于结束了，我们可以享受暑假了。)
“with the exams finally over” 说明了可以享受暑假的原因和时间。
Example 3: 🚗 With the traffic jam still there, it was clear he would not be able to arrive at the meeting on time in Beijing Foreign Studies University. (交通堵塞依旧，很明显他无法准时到达北京外国语大学的会议了。)
“With the traffic jam still there”表明了他不能准时到的原因。
5. with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语
表示伴随情况或状态。
Example 1: ☔ With an umbrella in her hand, Mary walked confidently through the rain. (玛丽手里拿着一把伞，自信地走在雨中。)
“with an umbrella in her hand” 说明了Mary走路时的伴随情况。
Example 2: 🗺️ With a map in front of him, the explorer navigated through the dense jungle. (探险家面前放着一张地图，在茂密的丛林中穿行。)
“with a map in front of him” 说明了探险家导航的方式。
Example 3: 🎓 With a degree from Fudan University, she was confident in her job search. (凭借复旦大学的学位，她对找工作充满信心。)
“With a degree from Fudan University” 说明了她充满信心的原因。
Part 3: 避坑指南，常见错误不要踩！ 🙅♀️
with 后的名词/代词与后面成分的逻辑关系要清晰。
- 错误示例：❌ With the book reading, I fell asleep. (我睡着了，书在读？逻辑不通！)
- 正确示例：✅ With the book being read by my friend, I fell asleep. (朋友在读书，我睡着了。)
with 复合结构不能作定语！ 要用定语从句或分词短语。
- 错误示例：❌ The girl with long hair wearing a red dress is my sister. (with复合结构不能做定语修饰girl)
- 正确示例：✅ The girl who has long hair and is wearing a red dress is my sister. (使用定语从句)
或者 ✅ The girl with long hair, wearing a red dress, is my sister. (使用分词短语做定语)
区分with引导的独立主格结构和介词短语。独立主格结构中的名词或代词是后面分词、形容词、副词或介词短语的逻辑主语，而不仅仅是with的宾语.
Part 4: 进阶练习，巩固你的with复合结构知识 🏋️♀️
尝试将以下句子改写成含有with复合结构的句子：
- The rain was pouring down, and we stayed inside.
- Because all the tickets were sold out, we couldn’t see the concert.
- He stood there. His hands were trembling.
- She spoke to the audience. Her voice was full of emotion.
- He found the work very easy because he had been well prepared before.
参考答案：
- With the rain pouring down, we stayed inside.
- With all the tickets sold out, we couldn’t see the concert.
- He stood there with his hands trembling.
- She spoke to the audience with her voice full of emotion.
- He found the work easy, with himself well prepared before. (更强调自身的状态) 或者 with the work well prepared before. (更强调工作本身)
希望这篇笔记对你有帮助！💖 记住，多练习才是王道！👑 遇到不懂的随时可以来问我哦！😊