✨十六个英语时态✨,这可真是英语语法里的“大魔王”👿!但别怕,今天我就来帮大家彻底搞定它!💪 相信我,看完这篇笔记,你对时态的理解绝对能上升一个level!🚀
首先,咱们得明白,英语时态其实是动词的变化形式,用来表示动作发生的时间和状态。就像给动作穿上不同的衣服👗,告诉别人这个动作是“过去式”、“现在式”还是“将来式”。
先来张总览图,让大家心里有个数 (强烈建议大家收藏这张图!):
时态 | 构成 | 常用标志词 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|
一般现在时 (Simple Present) | do/does | always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month, etc. | I go to school every day. (我每天都去上学。) |
一般过去时 (Simple Past) | did | yesterday, last week/month/year, … ago, in 1990, just now | I went to Beijing last year. (我去年去了北京。) |
一般将来时 (Simple Future) | will do/shall do / be going to do | tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon | I will go to the library tomorrow. (我明天要去图书馆。) |
现在进行时 (Present Continuous) | am/is/are doing | now, at the moment, look!, listen! | She is reading a book now. (她现在正在看书。) |
过去进行时 (Past Continuous) | was/were doing | at that time, at this time yesterday, when, while | They were playing basketball when I called them. (我给他们打电话的时候,他们正在打篮球。) |
将来进行时 (Future Continuous) | will be doing/shall be doing | at this time tomorrow, by this time next week | I will be working on my project at this time tomorrow. (明天这个时候我将正在做我的项目。) |
现在完成时 (Present Perfect) | have/has done | already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, so far, up to now | I have finished my homework. (我已经完成了我的作业。) |
过去完成时 (Past Perfect) | had done | before, by the time, already, never, ever | By the time I arrived, they had left. (我到达的时候,他们已经离开了。) |
将来完成时 (Future Perfect) | will have done/shall have done | by the end of this week/month/year, by that time, by the time | I will have finished this book by the end of this week. (到本周末,我将读完这本书。) |
现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous) | have/has been doing | for, since, all day, recently, lately | I have been studying English for five years. (我已经学习英语五年了。) |
过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous) | had been doing | for, since, before | I had been waiting for an hour before the bus came. (我等了一个小时公共汽车才来。) |
将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Continuous) | will have been doing/shall have been doing | for, by the time, by the end of | By next year, I will have been working here for ten years. (到明年,我就将在这里工作十年了。) |
一般现在时的被动语态 | am/is/are + done | The book is written by a famous author. (这本书是一位著名作家写的。) | |
一般过去时的被动语态 | was/were + done | The window was broken yesterday. (窗户昨天被打碎了。) | |
一般将来时的被动语态 | will be/shall be + done | The bridge will be built next year. (这座桥将于明年建成。) | |
现在完成时的被动语态 | have/has been + done | The work has been finished. (工作已经完成). |
怎么样,是不是感觉清晰多了?🤓 接下来,我再给大家详细讲解几个容易混淆的时态,并分享一些我的独家记忆小技巧!😉
1. 一般现在时 vs. 现在进行时
- 一般现在时:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,以及客观事实、真理。
- 例如:The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。) – 这是客观事实
- 例如:I study at 清华大学附中. (我在清华大学附中学习。) – 这是经常性的状态
- 现在进行时:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
- 例如:I am watching TV now. (我现在正在看电视。) – 强调“现在”这个时间点
小技巧:想想你平时做什么,用一般现在时;想想你现在正在做什么,用现在进行时。
2. 一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时
- 一般过去时:表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作,并且这个动作已经结束,与现在没有关系。
- 例如:I visited the Great Wall last year. (我去年参观了长城。) – 强调“去年”这个时间
- 现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成了影响或结果,或者动作从过去持续到现在。
- 例如:I have lost my keys. (我把钥匙弄丢了。) – 强调结果:我现在没有钥匙
- 例如: I Have lived in Shanghai since 2015. (我从2015年开始住在上海,现在依然住在上海).
小技巧:一般过去时强调“过去”,现在完成时强调“对现在的影响”。记住already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for。
3. 过去完成时
这个时态比较特殊,它表示的是“过去的过去”。也就是说,在一个过去的时间点之前,就已经完成的动作。
- 例如:When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. (当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。) – “火车开走”发生在“我到达车站”之前
小技巧:想象两个动作都发生在过去,“先发生”的用过去完成时,“后发生”的用一般过去时。before, by the time。
4. 将来进行时 vs. 将来进行时
这两个看起来很像,但还是有区别的!
- 一般将来时: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
- 例如:I will go to New York next year. (我明年要去纽约)。
- 将来进行时: 强调将来某个特定时间点正在进行的动作。
- 例如:I will be flying to New York at this time next week. (下周的这个时候我将正在飞往纽约的飞机上。) – 强调“下周的这个时候”这个时间点
小技巧: 将来进行时更强调某个具体时间点正在发生的事,比一般将来时更具体。
5. 关于被动语态
被动语态其实就是把“主动”变“被动”。比如,“我吃饭”是主动,“饭被我吃”就是被动。
- 主动:I eat the apple.
- 被动:The apple is eaten by me.
被动语态的构成是:be 动词 + 过去分词 (done)。不同的时态,be 动词的形式会发生变化,但“done”是不变的。
学习时态是一个循序渐进的过程,不要想着一口气吃成胖子🍔。建议大家多做练习,多看例句,慢慢体会不同时态之间的细微差别。也可以找一些英语原版书籍📚或者电影🎬,感受一下母语者是如何运用时态的。新东方英语 的语法课程也很不错👍,如果觉得自己基础薄弱,可以考虑报个班系统学习一下。
最后,希望这篇笔记能帮助大家更好地理解和掌握英语时态!🎉 如果你有任何问题,欢迎在评论区留言!😊 一起加油!⛽️