哈喽呀,各位正在英语学习路上奋斗的小伙伴们!👋 是不是感觉自己的英语句子总是那么“秃”,一点都不丝滑?写作文、口语表达,想连接两个想法,却发现词穷,只会用 and
, but
, so
?那可不行哦!🙅♀️ 想要让你的英语表达瞬间level up,变得逻辑清晰、结构丰富,那你就必须掌握英语世界的“超级胶水”—— 连词 (Conjunctions)!✨
今天就来给大家深扒一下,英语里的连词到底有哪些“神仙”单词,帮你彻底搞定它们!这篇超全、超实用的连词宝典,赶紧收藏起来慢慢看!📚
🤔 什么是连词?
简单来说,连词就是用来连接单词、短语或者句子(从句)的词。它们就像句子里的交通枢纽🚦,指明了各个部分之间的逻辑关系,让你的表达更加流畅自然,告别生硬和碎片化!想象一下没有连词的句子,就像一盘散沙,有了连词,才能串珠成链,变成闪耀的项链!💎
英语连词主要可以分为三大类,我们一个一个来看,保证让你看得明明白白!
第一大类:并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions) 🌟
这类连词连接的是语法结构相同、地位平等的成分。它们数量不多,但超级常用!记住这个神奇的缩写:FANBOYS!
- F – For (因为):表示原因,但语气比
because
更正式或文学化一点,通常用在书面语中,前面常有逗号。- Example: She stayed indoors, for the weather was stormy. ☔️ (她待在室内,因为天气很糟。)
- A – And (和,并且):表示并列或递进关系,最最常见!
- Example: He bought apples and bananas. 🍎🍌 (他买了苹果和香蕉。)
- Example: She is smart and works hard. 🧠💪 (她既聪明又努力。)
- N – Nor (也不):表示否定的并列,通常用在
neither
之后,或者单独使用时句子需要部分倒装。- Example: He doesn’t like coffee, nor does he like tea. ☕️❌🍵 (他不喜欢咖啡,也不喜欢茶。)
- Example: That is not what I meant, nor should you interpret it that way. 🤔 (那不是我的意思,你也不该那样理解。)
- B – But (但是):表示转折关系,前后意思相反或形成对比。
- Example: The dress is beautiful but expensive. 👗💸 (这件裙子很漂亮,但是很贵。)
- Example: He tried his best, but he failed the exam. 😔 (他尽力了,但还是没通过考试。)
- O – Or (或者):表示选择关系。
- Example: Would you like tea or coffee? ☕️❓ (你想喝茶还是咖啡?)
- Example: Hurry up, or you’ll be late for the meeting. 🏃♀️⏰ (快点,否则你开会就要迟到了。)
- Y – Yet (然而,但是):也表示转折,意思和
but
类似,但有时更强调意想不到的转折。- Example: The story sounds strange, yet it is true. 😮 (这个故事听起来很奇怪,但却是真的。)
- Example: He studied hard, yet he didn’t get a good grade. 📚📉 (他学习很努力,然而成绩并不好。)
- S – So (所以):表示因果关系中的结果。
- Example: It was raining heavily, so we decided to stay home. 🌧️🏠 (雨下得很大,所以我们决定待在家里。)
- Example: She felt tired, so she went to bed early. 😴 (她觉得累了,所以很早就睡了。)
敲黑板! 📌 并列连词连接两个独立的句子时,连词前通常需要加逗号 (,)。
第二大类:从属连词 (Subordinating Conjunctions) 🚀
这是连词家族里最庞大的一支!它们的作用是引导一个从句 (subordinate clause),使其附属于主句 (main clause)。从属连词表明了主句和从句之间的逻辑关系,种类繁多,功能各异。我们按照功能来分类梳理一下:
1. 时间状语从句 (Time Clauses) ⏳
- when (当…时候):最常用的时间连词。
- Example: Call me when you arrive. 📞 (你到了就给我打电话。)
- while (当…期间;然而):强调动作同时发生,或者表示对比。
- Example: He listened to music while he was doing homework. 🎶✍️ (他一边做作业一边听音乐。)
- Example: While I like pop music, my brother prefers classical. 😄🎻 (我喜欢流行音乐,而我哥哥更喜欢古典音乐。)
- as (一边…一边;随着):表示同时发生或伴随情况。
- Example: She sang as she walked. 🚶♀️🎤 (她边走边唱。)
- Example: As time went by, things got better. 🕰️👍 (随着时间的推移,情况好转了。)
- before (在…之前)
- Example: Brush your teeth before you go to bed. 🦷🌙 (睡觉前要刷牙。)
- after (在…之后)
- Example: We went for a walk after dinner finished. 🚶♀️🍽️ (晚饭后我们去散步了。)
- since (自从…以来):主句通常用完成时态。
- Example: I haven’t seen him since he moved away. 👋😢 (自从他搬走后,我就没见过他。)
- until / till (直到…为止):
till
比较口语化。- Example: Wait here until I come back. ⏳ (在这里等到我回来。)
- as soon as (一…就…)
- Example: I’ll tell him as soon as I see him. 👀🗣️ (我一见到他就告诉他。)
- once (一旦)
- Example: Once you understand the rule, it’s easy. ✅ (一旦你理解了规则,就容易了。)
- the moment / minute / instant (一…就…):和
as soon as
类似。- Example: The moment she saw the spider, she screamed. 🕷️😱 (她一看到蜘蛛就尖叫起来。)
2. 原因状语从句 (Reason Clauses) 🤔
- because (因为):最常用的表示原因的连词,语气最强。
- Example: He was late because the traffic was bad. 🚗 जाम (他迟到了,因为交通很堵。)
- since (既然,因为):表示对方已知的、显而易见的原因,常放在句首。
- Example: Since you’re tired, you should rest. 🥱🛌 (既然你累了,就该休息。)
- as (由于,因为):语气比
because
弱,也常表示显而易见的原因。- Example: As it’s raining, we can’t go out. ☔️🚫 (由于在下雨,我们不能出去。)
- in that (因为):比较正式。
- Example: The plan is flawed in that it relies too heavily on luck. 🎲😬 (这个计划有缺陷,因为它太依赖运气了。)
注意! ⚠️ because
不能和 so
同时用在一个句子里表达因果!中文可以说“因为…所以…”,英文不行哦!只能用一个。
3. 目的状语从句 (Purpose Clauses) 🎯
- so that (为了,以便):从句中常使用情态动词
can
,could
,may
,might
,will
,would
。- Example: Speak clearly so that everyone can understand you. 🗣️👂 (说清楚点,以便大家都能听懂你。)
- in order that (为了):比
so that
更正式。- Example: They arrived early in order that they might get good seats. 🎟️🪑 (他们早早到达,以便能找到好座位。)
4. 结果状语从句 (Result Clauses) 🎉
- so…that… (如此…以至于…):
so
后面跟形容词或副词。- Example: He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch him. 🏃💨 (他跑得如此快,以至于我追不上他。)
- Example: The box was so heavy that she couldn’t lift it. 💪📦 (箱子太重了,以至于她搬不起来。)
- such…that… (如此…以至于…):
such
后面跟名词 (名词前可以有形容词)。- Example: It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go hiking. ☀️🏞️ (天气如此好,以至于我们决定去远足。)
- Example: He is such a kind person that everyone likes him. 😊👍 (他是如此善良的一个人,以至于人人都喜欢他。)
5. 条件状语从句 (Conditional Clauses) ✅
- if (如果):最常用的条件连词。
- Example: If it rains tomorrow, the picnic will be cancelled. ☔️🧺❌ (如果明天下雨,野餐就取消。)
- unless (除非,如果不):相当于
if...not
。- Example: You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard. (= if you don’t study hard) 📚🚫➡️✅ (除非你努力学习,否则你通不过考试。)
- as long as / so long as (只要)
- Example: You can borrow my bike as long as you return it by tomorrow. 🚲🤝 (只要你明天之前还回来,你就可以借我的自行车。)
- provided that / providing that (假如,前提是):比较正式。
- Example: We will sign the contract provided that all terms are agreeable. 📜✍️ (假如所有条款都合意,我们就会签合同。)
- on condition that (条件是):更强调条件。
- Example: He was offered the job on condition that he moved to Shanghai. 🏢➡️🏙️ (他得到了那份工作,条件是他要搬到上海去。)
6. 让步状语从句 (Concessive Clauses) 🤷♀️
- although / though / even though (虽然,尽管):
though
比although
更口语化,even though
语气更强。- Example: Although it was cold, he went out without a coat. 🥶🧥 (虽然天气冷,他还是没穿外套就出门了。)
- Example: Though she was tired, she kept working. 😮💨💼 (尽管她很累,但还是继续工作。)
- Example: Even though he apologized, she was still angry. 🙏😠 (即使他道歉了,她仍然很生气。)
- while / whereas (然而,尽管):常用来表示对比。
- Example: Some people like spicy food, while / whereas others prefer mild flavors.🌶️🆚 mild (有些人喜欢辣的食物,而有些人则偏爱温和的口味。)
- even if (即使):引导一个假设的让步。
- Example: Even if it rains, I will go to the concert. ☔️🎶➡️ (即使下雨,我也会去听音乐会。)
- no matter + 疑问词 (无论…) / 疑问词+ever (无论…) : 如
no matter what
,whatever
,no matter where
,wherever
,no matter how
,however
.- Example: Whatever you do, do it well. (无论你做什么,都要做好。)
- Example: No matter how hard it seems, don’t give up. 💪 (无论看起来多难,都不要放弃。)
注意! ⚠️ although/though
不能和 but
同时用在一个句子里!中文可以说“虽然…但是…”,英文不行!只能用一个。
7. 方式状语从句 (Manner Clauses) 🤔
- as (如同,按照)
- Example: Do as I say, not as I do. 🗣️≠🚶♀️ (照我说的做,别学我做的。)
- as if / as though (好像,仿佛):后面常用虚拟语气。
- Example: He talks as if he knew everything. 🗣️🧐 (他说话的口气好像他什么都知道似的。)
- Example: She looked as though she hadn’t slept all night. 👀😴❌ (她看起来好像一整晚没睡。)
8. 比较状语从句 (Comparison Clauses) ⚖️
- than (比):用于比较级。
- Example: She is taller than her brother. 🧍♀️>🧍♂️ (她比她哥哥高。)
- as…as… (和…一样…) :用于同级比较。
- Example: He is as smart as his sister. 🧠=🧠 (他和他的姐姐一样聪明。)
哇哦!🤩 从属连词家族是不是超级庞大?别怕,多看多练,熟悉它们各自的“脾气”和用法,就能运用自如啦!
第三大类:成对连词 (Correlative Conjunctions) 👯♀️
这类连词总是成双成对地出现,连接两个对等的语法成分,强调两者之间的关系。常见的有:
- either…or… (或者…或者…;不是…就是…) :表示两者选其一。
- Example: You can have either tea or coffee. ☕️/🍵 (你可以喝茶或者咖啡。)
- neither…nor… (既不…也不…) :表示两者都否定。连接主语时,谓语动词通常与靠近它的主语保持一致(就近原则)。
- Example: Neither he nor his friends are coming. 🙅♂️🙅♀️ (他和他朋友们都不会来。)
- both…and… (既…又…;两者都…) :表示两者都肯定。连接主语时,谓语动词用复数。
- Example: She speaks both English and French fluently. 🇬🇧🇫🇷 (她英语和法语都说得很流利。)
- Example: Both my sister and I like swimming. 🏊♀️🏊♀️ (我姐姐和我都喜欢游泳。)
- not only…but also… (不仅…而且…) :表示递进关系。
also
有时可以省略。连接主语时,谓语动词通常与靠近它的主语保持一致(就近原则)。如果not only
放在句首,主句需要部分倒装。- Example: He is not only smart but also hardworking. 🧠💪 (他不仅聪明,而且勤奋。)
- Example: Not only did he finish the project on time, but he also exceeded expectations. ⏰🎉 (他不仅按时完成了项目,而且超出了预期。)
- whether…or… (是…还是…;不管…还是…) :表示选择或条件。
- Example: I don’t know whether he will come or not. 🤔❓ (我不知道他是来还是不来。)
- Example: Whether you succeed or fail, you should try your best. 👍/👎➡️💪 (不管你是成功还是失败,都应该尽力。)
- as…as… (和…一样…) :前面提到过,在比较状语从句中,它也可以看作成对连词的一种形式。
- Example: This book is as interesting as that one. 📖=📖 (这本书和那本书一样有趣。)
掌握了这三大类连词,你的英语句子就能像搭乐高一样,灵活组合,变化无穷啦!🧱➡️🏰
✨ 如何更好地掌握和运用连词?
- 理解逻辑关系是关键! 💡 搞清楚每个连词表达的是并列、转折、因果、条件、让步还是时间等关系,才能用得准确。
- 大量阅读! 📚 在阅读原版文章、小说时,特别留意作者是如何使用连词连接句子和段落的,感受它们带来的节奏感和逻辑流。我当年备考雅思的时候,特别喜欢看《经济学人》和《国家地理》,里面连词用得那叫一个地道!感觉就像跟着高手学招式。
- 多做练习! ✍️ 尝试用不同的连词改写句子,或者进行造句练习。比如,看到 “It rained. We stayed home.” 可以练习改成 “It rained, so we stayed home.” 或者 “Because it rained, we stayed home.” 或者 “We stayed home because it rained.”。一些在线平台或者像“蓝天外语”这类机构的练习册里都有很多专项训练。
- 写作中刻意使用! 📝 在写英语作文或邮件时,有意识地使用更多样、更高级的连词,替代掉单一的
and
,but
,so
。试着用although
替代but
,用since
或as
替代because
,用while
表示对比等等。 - 注意标点符号! 쉼표 句号 分号!特别是并列连词连接独立句子时,别忘了前面的逗号;从属连词引导的从句放在句首时,从句结束后通常有逗号。
连词真的是英语语法中性价比超高的学习点!掌握好了,不仅能让你的书面表达更上一层楼,也能让你的口语听起来更有条理、更地道!💪
不要觉得连词多就头大,把这篇内容收藏好 ⭐,分类别、分功能去记忆和理解,找到它们的规律,多加练习,你一定能成为运用连词的“老司机”!🚀
从今天起,就让我们告别那些“小学生”水平的简单句堆砌,用丰富多彩的连词,编织出逻辑严谨、表达流畅的优美英文篇章吧!加油鸭!💖 快快行动起来,让你的英语闪闪发光!✨