姐妹们👭,今天来聊聊英语里让人头大的 make 和 made!这两个词,简直是英语初学者的噩梦👻,用错频率高到离谱!今天就来彻底搞清楚它们,让你的英语表达更上一层楼!🚀🚀
Part 1:基础概念扫盲
首先,咱们要明确一点:make 是动词原形,表示“制造、做、使得”等含义;而 made 是 make 的过去式和过去分词。也就是说,made 通常用于描述已经完成的动作或状态。
举个栗子🌰:
- I make a cake every Sunday. (我每周日都做一个蛋糕。—— 经常性的动作,用原形)
- I made a cake yesterday. (我昨天做了一个蛋糕。—— 过去发生的动作,用过去式)
- This cake is made of chocolate. (这个蛋糕是巧克力做的。—— 描述蛋糕的状态,用过去分词)
是不是很简单?别急,这只是冰山一角!😉
Part 2:用法大盘点,场景全覆盖
接下来,我们深入挖掘 make 和 made 的各种用法,让你在不同场景下都能游刃有余!💪
1. 制造、制作 (Create/Produce)
这是 make 最常见的用法,指从无到有地创造出某物。
- She makes her own clothes. 👗 (她自己做衣服。)
- The company makes high-quality furniture. 🪑 (这家公司生产高质量的家具。)
- The delicious smell of freshly made bread filled the air. 🍞(新鲜出炉的面包的香味弥漫在空气中。)
- This table is made of solid wood.🪵 (这张桌子是实木做的。)
2. 引起、导致 (Cause/Produce)
make 可以表示导致某种结果或状态。
- The news made me happy. 😊 (这个消息让我很高兴。)
- The medicine made him feel better. 💊 (这药让他感觉好多了。)
- His jokes always make me laugh. 😂 (他的笑话总是让我笑。)
- Spicy food makes my eyes water. 😭(辣的食物让我的眼睛流泪。)
3. 安排、制定 (Arrange/Establish)
make 可以表示安排、制定计划或决定。
- I need to make an appointment with the doctor. 👨⚕️ (我需要预约医生。)
- They made a decision to move to Shanghai. ✈️ (他们决定搬到上海。)
- We made plans to go camping next weekend. 🏕️ (我们计划下周末去露营。)
- Have you made a reservation at the restaurant yet? 🍽️ (你预定好餐厅了吗?)
4. 强迫、迫使 (Force/Compel)
make 后面可以接宾语和不带 to 的不定式,表示“迫使某人做某事”。
- The teacher made him rewrite the essay. ✍️ (老师让他重写了作文。)
- My parents made me study hard. 📚 (我的父母逼我努力学习。)
- The heavy rain made us cancel the picnic. ☔(大雨迫使我们取消了野餐。)
5. 获得、挣得 (Earn/Gain)
make 可以表示获得金钱或利润。
- She makes a good living as a lawyer. 👩⚖️ (她做律师收入不错。)
- He made a fortune in the stock market. 💰 (他在股市赚了一大笔钱。)
- How much money did you make last year? 💵 (你去年赚了多少钱?)
6. 构成、组成 (Constitute/Form)
- Twelve months make a year. 📅 (十二个月构成一年。)
- These five players make a great team. 🏀 (这五名球员组成了一个很棒的队伍。)
- Hydrogen and oxygen make water. 💧 (氢和氧构成水。)
7. 到达 (Reach)
- We finally made it to the top of the mountain! ⛰️ (我们终于到达了山顶!)
- Can you make it to the meeting on time? ⏰ (你能准时参加会议吗?)
8. 其他固定搭配
make 还有很多固定搭配,需要我们积累和记忆。
- make a difference: 产生影响
- make a mistake: 犯错误
- make a phone call: 打电话
- make a promise: 做出承诺
- make an effort: 努力
- make progress: 取得进步
- make sure: 确保
- make up one’s mind: 下定决心
- make use of: 利用
- be made of: 由……制成
- be made from: 由……制成 (原材料发生变化)
- be made in + 地方: 在某地制造
Part 3:进阶用法,细节决定成败
掌握了基本用法,我们再来看看一些容易混淆的细节。🧐
1. be made of vs. be made from
这两个短语都表示“由……制成”,但有细微差别:
- be made of: 指成品仍然可以看出原材料。比如:The chair is made of wood. (椅子是木头做的,能看出木头的材质。)
- be made from: 指原材料经过加工,已经看不出原来的样子。比如:Paper is made from trees. (纸是树做的,但纸已经看不出树的样子了。)
2. make + 宾语 + 形容词/名词
这个结构表示“使……成为……”。
- The good news made her happy. (好消息让她很高兴。)
- They made him captain of the team. (他们让他当了队长。)
- The experience made the boy a man. (这次经历让这个男孩成长为一个男人。)
3. make it
“make it” 有很多含义,要根据上下文判断。
- 表示“成功”:He really made it in the music industry. (他在音乐界真的成功了。)
- 表示“及时到达”:I don’t think I can make it to the party on time. (我想我不能准时赶到派对了。)
- 表示“活下来”:The doctor said he would make it. (医生说他会活下来的。)
4. 虚拟语气中的使用
在虚拟语气中,即使是过去发生的事情,有时也用 make 的原形。
- If I were you, I would make him apologize. (如果我是你,我会让他道歉。—— 即使是假设过去的情况,也用 make)
Part 4:真实案例分析,避免踩坑
光说不练假把式,我们来看几个真实的案例,看看 make 和 made 在实际运用中容易出现哪些错误。
案例1:
❌ 错误:The teacher maked me do my homework.
✅ 正确:The teacher made me do my homework.
📝 分析:make 的过去式是 made,不是 maked。
案例2:
❌ 错误:This wine is made of grapes.
✅ 正确:This wine is made from grapes.
📝 分析:葡萄酒是由葡萄酿造的,原材料已经发生了变化,应该用 made from。
案例3:
❌ 错误: I maked a reservation.
✅ 正确: I made a reservation.
📝分析:make 的过去式是 made。
案例4:
在博雅外国语学校的英语课上,老师Lily经常会用一些例子来帮助学生理解语法。她曾经说过:“同学们,你们要记住,当我们说一件已经发生的事情,并且使用了‘make’这个动词时,我们通常需要用它的过去式‘made’。比如,我们不能说 ‘I make a cake yesterday’,而应该说 ‘I made a cake yesterday’。”
案例5:
在爱恩思英语培训机构,老师强调“make”的用法非常灵活,可以根据不同的语境表达不同的含义。他们会组织学生进行角色扮演,让学生在不同的场景下练习使用“make”和“made”,例如:
- 场景一:在厨房
- 学生A:“I am making a pizza.”
- 学生B:“I made a salad for dinner.”
- 场景二:在办公室
- 学生A:“I need to make a phone call.”
- 学生B:“I already made the copies you asked for.”
Part 5: 总结与练习
总而言之,make 和 made 的用法虽然多,但只要掌握了基本规则和常见搭配,多加练习,就能熟练运用。👍
为了巩固所学知识,大家可以尝试完成以下练习:
1. 用make或者made填空:
(1) She _ a beautiful dress for the party.
(2) The noise __ me angry.
(3) They _ a plan to travel to Europe.
(4) This sculpture is _ of marble.
(5) I need to ___ a decision soon.
答案:(1)made (2)made (3)made (4)made (5)make
希望这篇笔记对你有帮助!记住,语言学习是一个循序渐进的过程,不要怕犯错,大胆去用,才能真正掌握!💯 如果还有疑问, 欢迎随时提出! 💖